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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(95)jul.- sept. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212675

RESUMO

Analizando la participación de las mujeres en los primeros congresos de Pediatría, llama la atención que una buena parte de ellas pertenecían a organizaciones feministas y que, además de su militancia, tenían una preocupación por los y las menores, por sus aspectos educativos y legales.Se han revisado las actas y publicaciones relacionadas con los cinco primeros congresos nacionales de Pediatría (CNP) (1914-1933), biografías de las participantes y publicaciones sobre el feminismo en los años 20 y 30 del pasado siglo.En los cinco primeros CNP participaron 14 mujeres: un 15% eran del ámbito sanitario, un 65%, del educativo y un 29%, del derecho. Siete de ellas pertenecían a organizaciones feministas (50%). Hay dos generaciones de feministas que participaron en los CNP. La primera militó en la Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas, donde la mayoría de ellas ostentaba cargos orgánicos y su labor profesional fue la educación. La segunda, en torno a Juventud Universitaria Femenina, y su dedicación laboral fue el derecho. Su participación en los CNP fue sobre esos temas, educación y derechos de la infancia. Así mismo, impulsaron otras actividades en defensa de la infancia a nivel social, como las 'cantinas escolares', los 'desayunos escolares' o el 'club infantil' de tiempo libre para las clases más desfavorecidas.Las mujeres que se han estudiado, desde su concepción feminista de la vida, no solo trabajaron por los derechos de la mujer, sino que se esforzaron por mejorar la vida de la infancia y el reconocimiento de sus derechos. (AU)


Analysing the participation of women in the first paediatric congresses, it stands out that many of them belonged to feminist organisations and that, in addition to the pursuit of their cause, they were concerned about children, including educational and legal aspects.We reviewed the minutes and publications related to the first five National Paediatric Congresses (NCPs) (1914-1933), biographies of the participants and publications on feminism in the 1920s and 1930s.Fourteen women participated in the first 5 NPCs, 15% from the health care field, 65% from the field of education and 29% from the field of law. Seven of them belonged to feminist organisations (50%). Two generations of feminists participated in the NPCs. Women from the first generation were actively involved in the National Association of Spanish Women, most of who held positions in administration and worked in the education field. Women from the second generation were organised around the Juventud Universitaria Femenina (University Young Women’s Organization) and worked in law. Their participation in the NPCs had to do with these issues, education and children’s rights. They also promoted other activities to advocate for children at a social level, such as the “school canteens”, “school breakfasts” or the “Children’s Club”, which provided leisure activities for disadvantaged groups.The women whose activity we reviewed, through their feminist perspective of life, not only worked for women’s rights, but also strove to improve the lives of children and to achieve the recognition of their rights. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , História do Século XX , Congressos como Assunto/história , Feminismo/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Saúde da Criança/história , Espanha
2.
Estilos clín ; 26(3)2021.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1437383

RESUMO

O texto examina os discursos de pediatras e outros especialistas destinados às famílias sobre como organizar o tempo com os filhos. Inicialmente, a análise incide sobre manuais de puericultura publicados nas décadas de 1920 a 1950 e, em seguida, sobre a revista Pais & Filhos nos últimos cinco anos, com destaque para o contexto atual da pandemia da covid-19. A análise detém-se sobre o enunciado segundo o qual o mais importante é reservar um "tempo de qualidade" à convivência com as crianças. O artigo identifica alguns fios de continuidade nas formulações sobre a organização do tempo na rotina familiar, bem como descontinuidades instauradas pelas transformações da vida social, as quais produziram mudanças na gestão do tempo para a conciliação de múltiplas tarefas, principalmente para as mulheres


El texto examina los discursos de pediatras y otros especialistas que son dirigidos a las familias sobre la organización del tiempo con sus hijos. Inicialmente, el análisis se basa en los manuales de puericultura publicados en las décadas de 1920 a 1950, posteriormente, en la revista Pais & Filhos en los últimos cinco años, destacando el contexto actual de la pandemia de covid-19. El análisis se centra en la afirmación de que lo más importante es reservar tiempo de calidad la convivencia con los niños. El artículo identifica algunos hilos de continuidad en las formulaciones sobre la organización del tiempo en la rutina familiar, así como las descontinuidades establecidas por las transformaciones de la vida social,que produjeron cambios en la gestión del tiempo para la conciliación de múltiples tareas, principalmente para las mujeres


The text examines the speeches of pediatricians and other specialists aimed at families on how to organize time with their children. Initially, the analysis focuses on childcare manuals published from the 1920s to 1950s, and then on the magazine Pais & Filhos in the last five years, highlighting the current context of the covid-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on the statement that the most important thing is to set aside "quality time"to be with children. The article identifies some threads of continuity in the formulations about the organization of time in the family routine, as well as discontinuities established by the transformations of social life, which produced changes in time management for the conciliation of multiple tasks, especially for women


Cet article évalue les discours des pédiatres et d'autres professionnels de la petite enfance destinées aux familles sur comment organiser du temps passé avec les enfants. Initialement, l'analyse se concentre sur les manuels de puériculture publiés entre les années 1920 et 1950, ensuite sur les magazines « Pais e filhos ¼ des derniers cinq ans, mettent en relief le contexte actuel de la pandémie de la covid-19. L'analyse se concentre sur l'énoncé selon lequel le plus important est prends du « temps de qualité ¼ avec les enfants. L'article identifie quelques fils de continuité des formulations a propos de l'organisation du temps dans la routine familiale, ainsi qu'un manque de continuité instauré par les transformations de la vie sociale. Cela a produit des changements dans l'emploi du temps par la conciliation de multiples tâches, principalement par les femmes


Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança/história , Relações Familiares , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Educação Infantil , Poder Familiar , COVID-19
4.
Temperamentum (Granada) ; 16: e13194-e13194, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197656

RESUMO

En este trabajo se busca mostrar que los cuidados y los comportamientos sociales humanos estaban presentes ya durante la Prehistoria. A partir de las evidencias arqueológicas se puede observar cómo especies humanas anteriores a la nuestra desarrollaron complejas estructuras sociales en las que la importancia de la unión del grupo era fundamental para la supervivencia. El cuidado hacia niños, ancianos y enfermos, se demuestra gracias al análisis de los restos prehistóricos hallados y de la pervivencia de estos en el contexto arqueológico. Este cuidado prehistórico no solo fue físico, sino que también tuvo un componente psicológico y mental tanto en vida como después de la muerte


This paper seeks to show the reader, that human care and social behaviour were already present in Prehistory. From archaeological evidence it can be seen how ancient human species developed complex social structures in which the importance of unity was paramount to survival. Care for children, seniors and patients is demonstrated thanks to the analysis of the prehistoric remains found and their preservation in the archaeological context. This prehistoric care wasn't only physical, but also a psychological and mental component in life and after death


Assuntos
Humanos , História Antiga , Comportamento Social/história , Sobrevivência , Cuidado da Criança/história , Serviços de Saúde/história , Arqueologia/história , Serviços de Saúde
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 36(4): 981-987, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-184726

RESUMO

Alexandre Frias nació en Reus, ciudad donde desarrolló la mayor parte de su actividad profesional. Médico y puericultor, trabajó incansablemente con el fin de mejorar la salud infantil. Creó el primer Instituto de Puericultura integral de España en 1919, que se mantuvo en funcionamiento hasta su muerte. Las actividades del instituto se iniciaron con un consultorio para niños lactantes, servicio de lactario y un laboratorio de análisis, y se ampliaron posteriormente con servicios de puericultura prenatal, refectorio para embarazadas y mujeres, un consultorio de pediatría con servicio de vacunación y, como complemento, un servicio de asistencia domiciliaria de comadrona y un médico tocólogo. Convencido de que la lactancia materna y la higiene eran fundamentales para la prevención de enfermedades, realizó una ingente labor educativa entre madres, médicos, gobernantes y sociedad en general. Precursor de numerosas iniciativas con fines curativos y preventivos, instauró la educación sanitaria para madres y profesionales, las colonias escolares, la inspección médica-escolar, el servicio a domicilio de básculas para control de peso e incubadoras para niños prematuros e incluso un modelo de vestido higiénico para recién nacidos. Realizó numerosas publicaciones en forma de libros, como el titulado "Lo que deben saber las madres", opúsculos y artículos de prensa. Fundó y dirigió la revista Puericultura, editada en Reus y distribuida a todo el país, que se publicó hasta 1936. Su incesante actividad en pro de la lucha contra la mortalidad infantil redujo drásticamente las muertes en Reus e influyó en la mejora sanitaria y demográfica de toda España


Alexandre Frias was born in Reus, the city where he developed most of his professional activity. Medical doctor and childcare pediatrician, he worked tirelessly in order to improve children's health. He created the first Instituto de Puericultura Integral (Integral Institute of Childcare) in Spain in 1919, which remained in operation until his death. The Institute's activities began with a clinic for breastfeeding children, breastfeeding service and a biochemical analysis laboratory, later expanding with prenatal childcare services, a refectory for pregnant women and general women, a pediatric office with a vaccination service and, as a complement, a home health care service and medical obstetrics. Convinced that breastfeeding and hygiene were fundamental for the prevention of diseases, he carried out an enormous educational work among mothers, doctors, governors and society in general. Forerunner of numerous initiatives for curative and preventive purposes, he established health education for mothers and professionals, school colonies, medical-school inspection, home delivery of scales for weight control and incubators for premature children and even a hygienic dress model for newborns. He made numerous publications as books form, such as the one entitled "Lo que deben saber las madres", booklets and newspapers articles. He founded and directed the scientific journal Puericultura (child care), published in Reus and distributed throughout the country until 1936. Its incessant activity in favor of the fight against infant mortality drastically reduced infant/children mortality in Reus and influenced the health and demographic improvement of all of Spain


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Cuidado da Criança/história , Aleitamento Materno/história , Mortalidade Infantil/história , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/história , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/história , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(4): 981-987, 2019 Aug 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31244321

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Alexandre Frias was born in Reus, the city where he developed most of his professional activity. Medical doctor and childcare pediatrician, he worked tirelessly in order to improve children's health. He created the first Instituto de Puericultura Integral (Integral Institute of Childcare) in Spain in 1919, which remained in operation until his death. The Institute's activities began with a clinic for breastfeeding children, breastfeeding service and a biochemical analysis laboratory, later expanding with prenatal childcare services, a refectory for pregnant women and general women, a pediatric office with a vaccination service and, as a complement, a home health care service and medical obstetrics. Convinced that breastfeeding and hygiene were fundamental for the prevention of diseases, he carried out an enormous educational work among mothers, doctors, governors and society in general. Forerunner of numerous initiatives for curative and preventive purposes, he established health education for mothers and professionals, school colonies, medical-school inspection, home delivery of scales for weight control and incubators for premature children and even a hygienic dress model for newborns. He made numerous publications as books form, such as the one entitled "Lo que deben saber las madres", booklets and newspapers articles. He founded and directed the scientific journal Puericultura (child care), published in Reus and distributed throughout the country until 1936. Its incessant activity in favor of the fight against infant mortality drastically reduced infant/children mortality in Reus and influenced the health and demographic improvement of all of Spain.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Alexandre Frias nació en Reus, ciudad donde desarrolló la mayor parte de su actividad profesional. Médico y puericultor, trabajó incansablemente con el fin de mejorar la salud infantil. Creó el primer Instituto de Puericultura integral de España en 1919, que se mantuvo en funcionamiento hasta su muerte. Las actividades del instituto se iniciaron con un consultorio para niños lactantes, servicio de lactario y un laboratorio de análisis, y se ampliaron posteriormente con servicios de puericultura prenatal, refectorio para embarazadas y mujeres, un consultorio de pediatría con servicio de vacunación y, como complemento, un servicio de asistencia domiciliaria de comadrona y un médico tocólogo. Convencido de que la lactancia materna y la higiene eran fundamentales para la prevención de enfermedades, realizó una ingente labor educativa entre madres, médicos, gobernantes y sociedad en general. Precursor de numerosas iniciativas con fines curativos y preventivos, instauró la educación sanitaria para madres y profesionales, las colonias escolares, la inspección médica-escolar, el servicio a domicilio de básculas para control de peso e incubadoras para niños prematuros e incluso un modelo de vestido higiénico para recién nacidos. Realizó numerosas publicaciones en forma de libros, como el titulado "Lo que deben saber las madres", opúsculos y artículos de prensa. Fundó y dirigió la revista Puericultura, editada en Reus y distribuida a todo el país, que se publicó hasta 1936. Su incesante actividad en pro de la lucha contra la mortalidad infantil redujo drásticamente las muertes en Reus e influyó en la mejora sanitaria y demográfica de toda España.


Assuntos
Academias e Institutos/história , Aleitamento Materno/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Saúde da Criança/história , Pediatras/história , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Educação em Saúde/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Higiene/história , Recém-Nascido , Mães/educação , Obstetrícia/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Espanha
7.
Asclepio ; 70(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-179145

RESUMO

Se acaban de cumplir 60 años de la aprobación de la especialidad de Fisioterapia para los Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios, así como la creación de las primeras escuelas de Fisioterapia. El presente artículo justificará cómo el conjunto de brotes epidémicos de poliomielitis en España, influyeron de forma decisiva en el nacimiento de profesiones sanitarias como la Fisioterapia. Por otro lado, se reconstruirá el proceso de institucionalización, nacimiento y desarrollo en sus primeros años de la Escuela de Fisioterapia Salus Infirmorum, la primera en ser aprobada por el Ministerio de Educación. Salus Infirmorum, con la creación del centro infantil "Casa del Niño" consiguió aunar la formación de fisioterapeutas y el tratamiento de niños con problemas motóricos como consecuencia de la poliomielitis. En el centro se atendió a más de 680 niños y se formaron en ella 373 enfermeras fisioterapeutas, siendo reconocido como Obra de interés social, por la Comisaría de Asistencia Social del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, en orden 6 de junio de 1958


Sixty years have passed since approval of the Physiotherapy specialty for licensed practical nurses, as well as the establishment of the first Physiotherapy Schools. This paper will explain how the set of epidemic outbreaks of poliomyelitis in Spain, had a decisive influence on the birth of health professions such as Physiotherapy. On the other hand, throughout it, the process of institutionalization of Salus Infirmorum, the first Physiotherapy College recognized by the Ministry of Education, its birth and its first year’s early development will be reconstructed. Salus Infirmorum, with the creation of the children’s center "Casa del Niño" managed to combine the physiotherapists training with the treatment of children with motor disorders as a result of poliomyelitis. In the healthcare center, more than 680 children were attended and 373 physiotherapist-nurses were trained, being recognized as a Social Interest Group, by the Social Assistance Commission of the Ministry of National Education, in order June 6, 1958


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/educação , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/história , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/educação , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/história , Poliomielite/história , Poliomielite/enfermagem , Terapia Ocupacional/enfermagem , Terapia Ocupacional/educação , Terapia Ocupacional/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Pessoas com Deficiência/história , Serviços de Saúde para Pessoas com Deficiência/história
8.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 38(1): 111-130, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173242

RESUMO

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los "niños tuberculosos", "débiles" o "pre-tuberculosos" que fueron derivados e internados en el Hospital Marítimo de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) entre fines del siglo XIX y mediados del XX. Se analiza el universo individual de la enfermedad, mostrando que la infancia que padeció anomalías y discapacidades en sus cuerpos no fue objeto de las mismas atenciones y protecciones de las que gozaron el resto de las infancias durante el período estudiado


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/história , Pediatria/história , Saúde da Criança/história , Argentina/epidemiologia , Cuidado da Criança/história , Cuidado da Criança/organização & administração
9.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 89(2): 252-268, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-67121

RESUMO

En la Edad Media los niños eran tratados como adultos pequeños. A partir del Renacimiento surge mayor interés en la infancia. En 1722 aparece el término Pediatría en la Europa Central, y en 1865, por primera vez, es acuñado el término Puericultura por Alfred Pierre Caron, profesor en la Universidad de París. Realizar consultas de Puericultura en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Cuba era prácticamente un lujo. Con el sistema único de salud y cobertura total de la atención primaria a partir de 1959, se lograron establecer consultas de Pediatría (1960) y Puericultura (1963) en los policlínicos. El nuevo enfoque de la práctica médica preventivo-curativa influyó en el desarrollo de la Puericultura, con programas como: Atención integral al niño y la mujer, la normación de las especialidades, la reducción de la mortalidad infantil, la medición de indicadores de salud en la población cubana de 0 a 19 años, la dispensarización de niños y adolescentes, Puericultura prenatal, así como la evaluación de Hospitales y policlínicos Amigos de la madre y el niño. En 2004 fue creado un grupo multidisciplinario para el rescate de la calidad de las consultas de Puericultura, y se inauguró el Centro de Referencia Nacional de Puericultura en el año 2007, con funciones docentes, de investigación, asistenciales-metodológicas y administrativas. Sorprende la búsqueda de cómo se introdujo en Cuba la Puericultura, a través de Infomed e Internet, visitas a bibliotecas especializadas y la Oficina del Historiador del Ministerio de Salud Pública(AU)


In the Middle Age, children were treated as small adults. As of Renassaince, more interest on childhood was aroused. In 1722, the term Pediatrics appears in Central Europe, and in 1865 for the first time the term Puericulture was coined by Alfred Pierre Caron, professor at the University of Paris. The puericulture service in Cuba in the first half of the 20th century was a sort of luxury. After 1959, the unique health system and the total coverage of primary health care managed to set pediatric (1960) and puericulture (1963) services in polyclinics. The new approach to the preventive-healing medical practice had an impact on the development of puericulture with programs such as comprehensive care to the child and the woman, the standardization of specialties, the reduction of infant mortality, the evaluation of health indicators in the Cuban 0-19 years old population, the classification of the health conditions of children and adolescents, prenatal puericulture as well as the evaluation of Friends of the mother and the child hospitals and polyclinics. In 2004, a multidisciplinary group was created to rescue the quality of the puericultural service and the National Center of Reference of Puericulture was opened up in 2007 which carries out teaching, research, assistance-methodological and administrative functions. The information search through Infomed and Internet, visits to specialized libraries and to the office of the historian of the Ministry of Public Health about how puericulture was introduced in Cuba shows surprising aspects(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidado da Criança/história , Cuba , Pediatria/história
10.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 89(2): 252-268, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-845101

RESUMO

En la Edad Media los niños eran tratados como adultos pequeños. A partir del Renacimiento surge mayor interés en la infancia. En 1722 aparece el término Pediatría en la Europa Central, y en 1865, por primera vez, es acuñado el término Puericultura por Alfred Pierre Caron, profesor en la Universidad de París. Realizar consultas de Puericultura en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Cuba era prácticamente un lujo. Con el sistema único de salud y cobertura total de la atención primaria a partir de 1959, se lograron establecer consultas de Pediatría (1960) y Puericultura (1963) en los policlínicos. El nuevo enfoque de la práctica médica preventivo-curativa influyó en el desarrollo de la Puericultura, con programas como: Atención integral al niño y la mujer, la normación de las especialidades, la reducción de la mortalidad infantil, la medición de indicadores de salud en la población cubana de 0 a 19 años, la dispensarización de niños y adolescentes, Puericultura prenatal, así como la evaluación de Hospitales y policlínicos Amigos de la madre y el niño. En 2004 fue creado un grupo multidisciplinario para el rescate de la calidad de las consultas de Puericultura, y se inauguró el Centro de Referencia Nacional de Puericultura en el año 2007, con funciones docentes, de investigación, asistenciales-metodológicas y administrativas. Sorprende la búsqueda de cómo se introdujo en Cuba la Puericultura, a través de Infomed e Internet, visitas a bibliotecas especializadas y la Oficina del Historiador del Ministerio de Salud Pública(AU)


In the Middle Age, children were treated as small adults. As of Renassaince, more interest on childhood was aroused. In 1722, the term Pediatrics appears in Central Europe, and in 1865 for the first time the term Puericulture was coined by Alfred Pierre Caron, professor at the University of Paris. The puericulture service in Cuba in the first half of the 20th century was a sort of luxury. After 1959, the unique health system and the total coverage of primary health care managed to set pediatric (1960) and puericulture (1963) services in polyclinics. The new approach to the preventive-healing medical practice had an impact on the development of puericulture with programs such as comprehensive care to the child and the woman, the standardization of specialties, the reduction of infant mortality, the evaluation of health indicators in the Cuban 0-19 years old population, the classification of the health conditions of children and adolescents, prenatal puericulture as well as the evaluation of Friends of the mother and the child hospitals and polyclinics. In 2004, a multidisciplinary group was created to rescue the quality of the puericultural service and the National Center of Reference of Puericulture was opened up in 2007 which carries out teaching, research, assistance-methodological and administrative functions. The information search through Infomed and Internet, visits to specialized libraries and to the office of the historian of the Ministry of Public Health about how puericulture was introduced in Cuba shows surprising aspects(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Pediatria/métodos , Cuidado da Criança/história , Cuidado da Criança/métodos , Cuba
11.
Homo ; 68(1): 18-29, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28043653

RESUMO

Fluctuating asymmetry, often considered a measure of developmental instability, was studied in the dental morphological traits of 600 individuals from among the poorest sectors of society in 19th-20th century Portugal. The aims are to identify and interpret any differences between: (1) males and females, and (2) patterns of distribution among teeth with different odontogenic timings, to assess if any sex bias existed in childcare. Dental and mandibular morphological traits were recorded using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. z-Ratios were used to compare summed absolute fluctuating asymmetry frequencies between sexes and age groups. Results from rank correlation coefficients ruled out directional asymmetry and antisymmetry, based on positive (>0.2) bilateral association of traits in larger samples. Sex differences were significant (z-ratio=3.128; p=0.0018), while age differences were not (z-ratio=-0.644; p=0.5196). Teeth forming after infancy tended to be more asymmetric in females. Potential reasons for the sex difference include: (1) greater female susceptibility to developmental instability, (2) greater male childhood mortality that yields lower fluctuating asymmetry in surviving males, and/or (3) cultural bias favoring male access to resources. Results suggest the latter hypothesis is most likely, as fluctuating asymmetry is enhanced during childhood, perhaps coinciding with gender role definitions. There seems to be no association between asymmetry and early mortality in males. A lack of parallels in prior research renders differential sex reaction to environmental stress dubious. This population may have favored male children in their access to appropriate conditions for development.


Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança/história , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Sexismo/história , Dente/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Características Culturais/história , Feminino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal , Caracteres Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
13.
Gac Med Mex ; 153(7): 928-937, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29414962

RESUMO

This paper presents some biographical notes, both personal and professional, for Dr. Manuel Justo Dominguez Quintanar; a native of Queretaro, who over 80 years lived firsthand the historical stages in which Mexico turned into an independent country: from the First Federal Republic to the Porfiriato. He had an active participation in them all; either as a doctor, a teacher, administrator or politician. He was renowned for his charity work, especially in the Foundling House (The Cradle), which made him years later, to be considered as the founder of rational childcare and the creator of technical pediatrics in Mexico.


Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança/história , Pediatria/história , Criança , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , México
14.
Asclepio ; 68(1): 0-0, ene.-jun. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-153983

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la mortalidad expósita y sus causas en una cohorte de niños abandonados en la inclusa toledana, aquellos que nacieron en la Maternidad aneja, como grupo homogéneo que partía de unas condiciones de alumbramiento similares y fueron institucionalizados al nacer. Ello permite comparar esta mortalidad expósita con la de otras inclusas españolas y con la mortalidad poblacional, a la vez que explica los distintos factores que pudieron condicionarla (AU)


The aim of this work is to analyze the mortality and its causes in the abandoned children of the Children’s home of Toledo, who were born in the Maternity House, because it was a homogeneous group which had the same conditions in their delivery and they were abandoned at the moment of their birth. It allows us to compare the mortality of this group of foundlings with the mortality of the general population and with the mortality of those abandoned in other Charity Institutions. This paper explains the different factors which could determine the mortality (AU)


Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Criança Abandonada/história , Criança Abandonada/legislação & jurisprudência , Aleitamento Materno/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Cuidado da Criança/métodos , Educação Infantil/história , Mortalidade Infantil/história , Poder Familiar/história , Desmame , Mortalidade Perinatal/história , Berçários para Lactentes/história , Berçários para Lactentes
17.
Cad Saude Publica ; 30(3): 461-72, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24714937

RESUMO

This article discusses significant changes in childcare policy and practice in Chile. We distinguish four specific periods of childcare history: child abandonment and the creation of foundling homes in the 19th century; efforts to reduce infant mortality and the creation of the health care system in the first half of the 20th century; an increasing focus on inequality and poverty and the consequences for child development in the second half of the 20th century; and, finally, the current focus on children's social and emotional development. It is concluded that, although Chile has achieved infant mortality and malnutrition rates comparable to those of developed countries, the country bears the mark of a history of inequality and is still unable to fully guarantee the health of children from the poorest sectors of society. Recent initiatives seek to improve this situation and put a strong emphasis on the psychosocial condition of children and their families.


Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança/história , Proteção da Criança/história , Criança Abandonada/história , Orfanatos/história , Criança , Mortalidade da Criança/história , Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Chile , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
18.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(3): 461-472, 03/2014. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-705920

RESUMO

This article discusses significant changes in childcare policy and practice in Chile. We distinguish four specific periods of childcare history: child abandonment and the creation of foundling homes in the 19th century; efforts to reduce infant mortality and the creation of the health care system in the first half of the 20th century; an increasing focus on inequality and poverty and the consequences for child development in the second half of the 20th century; and, finally, the current focus on children’s social and emotional development. It is concluded that, although Chile has achieved infant mortality and malnutrition rates comparable to those of developed countries, the country bears the mark of a history of inequality and is still unable to fully guarantee the health of children from the poorest sectors of society. Recent initiatives seek to improve this situation and put a strong emphasis on the psychosocial condition of children and their families.


El artículo discute cambios significativos en políticas y prácticas del cuidado infantil en Chile. Se distinguen cuatro períodos históricos en los cuidados infantiles con las siguientes características: abandono infantil y la creación de la casa de expósitos en el siglo XIX; esfuerzos por disminuir la mortalidad infantil y la introducción de un sistema de salud en la primera mitad del siglo XX; un incremento en la atención de la desigualdad y la pobreza y sus consecuencias para el desarrollo infantil en la segunda mitad del siglo XX; y finalmente, una focalización en el desarrollo socioemocional de los niños. Se concluye que, aunque Chile ha alcanzado niveles de mortalidad infantil y desnutrición comparables a países desarrollados, todavía queda la marca de una historia de desigualdades que no permite garantizar completamente la salud de los niños más pobres. Recientes iniciativas tratan de mejorar esta situación y ponen un fuerte énfasis en las condiciones psicosociales de los niños y sus familias.


O artigo discute as mudanças significativas nas políticas e práticas sobre cuidado infantil, no Chile. Quatro períodos históricos foram estabelecidos, levando em consideração as seguintes características: abandono da criança e a criação de casas de crianças expostas no século XIX; esforços para reduzir a mortalidade infantil e a implementação de sistemas de cuidados de saúde na primeira metade do século XX; maior atenção à desigualdade e à pobreza, bem como as consequências que estas ações trouxeram para o desenvolvimento das crianças, na segunda metade do século XX; e, finalmente, a ênfase no desenvolvimento socioemocional das crianças. Conclui-se que, embora o Chile tenha alcançado taxas de mortalidade infantil e de desnutrição comparáveis às dos países desenvolvidos, há, ainda, indicadores históricos de desigualdade, que resultam na redução das garantias de acesso à saúde pública das crianças mais pobres. Iniciativas recentes procuram melhorar a situação e colocar a ênfase sobre as condições psicossociais de crianças e suas famílias.


Assuntos
Criança , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Cuidado da Criança/história , Proteção da Criança/história , Criança Abandonada/história , Orfanatos/história , Chile , Mortalidade da Criança/história , Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos
19.
Medizinhist J ; 48(1): 67-97, 2013.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24844114

RESUMO

In 1987, in Cleveland County, United Kingdom, the pediatricians Marietta Higgs and Geoffrey Wyatt diagnosed 121 cases of child sexual abuse by using a hitherto little known diagnostic method. In large parts, this diagnosis proved wrong. This caused an ideological and political motivated media scandal, which framed British child care institutions as well as the relation of the public towards these institutions in the long-term. Historically, the intensity of this scandal can be traced to changes in the understanding of child care within the British system of child care. Using the method of historical discourse analysis, this paper will depict ideological structures of argumentation and locate them in ongoing processes of sociocultural change.


Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/história , Maus-Tratos Infantis/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Proteção da Criança/história , Medicalização/história , Princípios Morais , Pediatria/história , Opinião Pública/história , Criança , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Reino Unido
20.
Horiz. enferm ; 24(1): 42-49, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: lil-768843

RESUMO

La presente revisión plantea la forma de participación de los padres en la crianza de sus hijos/as en Chile, con especial enfoque en la actualidad. La familia en Chile y el mundo ha variado a través del tiempo en cuanto a su composición y roles en su interior. Es así como la participación del padre en la crianza de los hijos/as, casi inexistente en los inicios de la sociedad chilena, también ha cambiado, tornándose más participativa, aunque siempre influenciada por los resabios culturales que la determinaron desde sus inicios. Uno de estos cambios se desarrolla a inicios de la década de los noventa, especialmente en los estratos socioeconómicos altos, en donde el hombre comienza a participar en algunos escenarios de crianza. A partir del año 2006, Chile cuenta con el “Sistema de Protección Integral a la Primera Infancia, Chile Crece Contigo”, cuya principal prioridad es estimular el desarrollo saludable del niño/a y de su familia desde la concepción. La evidencia ha demostrado que la inclusión de los padres en la crianza de sus hijos/as desde el embarazo, contribuye al desarrollo óptimo del niño/a, de la madre y de la familia; favorece el establecimiento del vínculo afectivo entre el niño/a y sus fi guras significativas (madre, padre u otro), la satisfacción emocional de la madre, y también fortalece los lazos familiares. Sin embargo, la participación del padre es escasa, y cuando participa, la forma en que lo hace se ha visto marcada por la necesidad de acompañamiento y apoyo de la mujer, más que por sus necesidades para ejercer la paternidad. La experiencia y la función social de transformarse en padre es un conocimiento que aún no ha sido develado en el contexto social chileno, ni tampoco dentro del sistema de salud, aun cuando se ha establecido una política de desarrollo integral de la primera infancia, es una iniciativa que debe ser evaluada desde esta perspectiva. Existen brechas en el conocimiento...


Families in Chile and around the world have changed over time in terms of composition and inside roles. Thus, the involvement of fathers in parenting, almost nonexistent in the early Chilean society, has also changed becoming more participatory, but always infl uenced by cultural remnants. One of these changes is developed in the early nineties, especially in the higher socioeconomic strata, where fathers begin to participate in some parenting sceneries. Since 2006, Chile has the “Integral Protection System for Early Childhood, Chile Grows with You” (Sistema de Protección Integral a la Primera Infancia Chile Crece Contigo), which main priority is to promote the healthy development of the child and his family, taking place the importance of promoting father involvement during pregnancy and childbirth, and raising children. Evidences have shown that the inclusion of the fathers in the upbringing of their children from pregnancy contributes to optimal child, mother and family development; favors the establishment of bonding between the child and their signifi cant fi gures (mother, father or other); the emotional satisfaction of the mother; and also strengthens family ties. But, the way that the father is included has been marked by the need for assistance and supporting women, rather than their paternity needs. The experience and the social function of becoming a father is a knowledge that has not been revealed in the Chilean social context, neither within the health system, even when it has set a policy of development of early childhood, the initiative should be evaluated from this perspective. Still there are gaps in knowledge about what men experiences to become father that makes that existing programs are defi cient in their proposals.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Educação Infantil/história , Cuidado da Criança/história , Paternidade , Relações Pai-Filho , Responsabilidade Social , Chile , Enfermagem
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